Wikidata:Lexicographical data/Documentation/Languages/ta

Tamil

natural language, modern language

Subclass of	Tamil languages
Native label	தமிழ்
Located in the administrative territorial entity	Tamil Nadu, Singapore, Sri Lanka
Has tense	present tense, past tense, future tense
Has grammatical gender	masculine, feminine, neuter
Writing system	Tamil script, Vatteluttu, Koleluttu, Arabic script
Ethnologue language status	2 Provincial
Studied in	Tamilology
Related category	Category:Tamil pronunciation
Time of earliest written record	4. century BCE
Stack Exchange tag	https://stackoverflow.com/tags/tamil
Wikimedia language code	ta

This page is a documentation page for Tamil (Q5885) lexemes in WikiProject Wikidata:Lexicographical data, intended for assisting contributions to Tamil lexeme content. Tamil language is a Dravidian language spoken by over 75 million people in South Asia, mainly in Tamil Nadu, Sri Lanka, Puducherry and Singapore. It is an agglutinative language.

Wikidata:Lexemes aims to provide a CC0 licensed structured lexicographical data for everyone to use for different purposes, including for Wiktionary, the upcoming Abstract Wikipedia and external projects.

Layout

Every lexeme entry has the following layout:

• Lemma (dictionary form) of the lexeme as title or headword. It is to be written in Tamil script. Every lexeme entry will have a lexeme ID.
  • Language of the lexeme should be Tamil (Q5885) and lexical category is also specified. The lexical category should be as broad as possible, and based on the Tamil linguistic ontology
  • Senses - different meanings of the same word
    • Statements for senses. This usually includes image, item for this sense, translation, synonym, antonym, usage example, and more (see list). Note that for translation, antonym, & synonym properties, the lexeme "sense ID" (LXXXXX-S1) of the target lexeme has to be copy pasted, not the lexeme ID.
  • Forms - different forms and cases of the lexeme

Structure and properties

Common properties to be added for lexeme entries are given below:

Lemma

Lemma is the dictionary form (base form) of the word/lexeme.

Statements

• grammatical gender (P5185): (masculine (Q499327) / feminine (Q1775415))
• derived from lexeme (P5191)
• usage example (P5831)
• homograph lexeme (P5402)
• combines lexemes (P5238)

Senses

See sense properties by usage

• item for this sense (P5137)
• image (P18)
• translation (P5972)
• synonym (P5973)
• antonym (P5974)
• hyperonym (P6593)
• gloss quote (P8394)

Forms

See forms by grammatical feature

• Grammatical features
  • Grammatical gender: masculine (Q499327) / feminine (Q1775415)
  • Grammatical number: singular (Q110786) / plural (Q146786)
• pronunciation audio (P443)
• IPA transcription (P898)

• See Tamil grammar (Q3535154) Cases, tenses and other inflections.
• Tamil nouns are inflected based on number and grammatical case. There are 9 grammatical cases described for Tamil:

case	suffix	transliteration of suffix
nominative case (Q131105)	-∅
accusative case (Q146078)	-ஐ	-ai
instrumental case (Q192997)	-ஆல், -கொண்டு	-āl, -(aik) koṇṭu
sociative case (Q3773161)	-ஓடு, -உடன்	-ōṭu, -uṭaṉ
dative case (Q145599)	-(க்)கு, -இன்பொருட்டு, -இந்நிமித்தம்	-(k)ku, -iṉ poruṭṭu, -iṉ nimittam
ablative case (Q156986)	-இலிருந்து, -இடமிருந்து, -இனின்று	-il(ē) iruntu [irrational], -iṭam iruntu [rational], -iṉiṉṟu
genitive case (Q146233)	-அது, -ஆது, -உடைய	-atu, -uṭaiya
locative case (Q202142)	-இல், -இடம்	-il(ē) [irrational], -iṭam [rational]
vocative case (Q185077)	-ஏ	-ē

See also this Tamil Wikipedia article: w:ta:வேற்றுமை (தமிழ் இலக்கணம்)

Maintenance

• Recent Changes to Tamil Lexemes
• Search lexemes:

To do

• Wikidata:Wikidata Lexeme Forms - Please fill up a request for Tamil language. It is an important tool for adding lexeme forms.
• Add the most frequent missing forms of Tamil language in Wikidata LD.

Lexicographical Coverage

See also: WD:Lexicographical data/Statistics

• The lexeme forms coverage chart for Tamil language is given below. These statistics use corpus data from the Leipzig Corpora Collection.

Forms in Wikidata: 6,463 Forms in Wikipedia: 31,721 Tokens: 2,539,025 Covered forms: 1,089 (3.4%) Missing forms: 30,632 (96.6%) Covered tokens: 283,052 (11.1%) Missing tokens: 2,255,973 (88.9%) Most frequent missing forms

• Current Tamil lexemes count by lexical category: https://w.wiki/3$cS

Queries

Main page: WD:Lexicographical data/Ideas of queries

• Tamil Q-id: Q5885

1) Get all existing lexemes in Tamil: results

The following query uses these:

• Items: Tamil (Q5885)   

  SELECT ?lexeme ?lemma WHERE {
    ?lexeme dct:language wd:Q5885; 
            wikibase:lemma ?lemma.
  }
  

Try it!

2) Get the count of lexemes in Tamil belonging to different lexical categories: https://w.wiki/3$cS

3) Query for all Tamil nouns missing a locative case: query

The following query uses these:

• Items: Tamil (Q5885)   , noun (Q1084)   , accusative case (Q146078)   

  SELECT DISTINCT ?l ?lemma WHERE {
    ?l a ontolex:LexicalEntry ; 
         dct:language wd:Q5885; 
         wikibase:lexicalCategory wd:Q1084; 
         wikibase:lemma ?lemma ; 
         ontolex:lexicalForm ?form .
      ?form ontolex:representation ?word ;  
      minus {
        {?l a ontolex:LexicalEntry ; ontolex:lexicalForm/wikibase:grammaticalFeature wd:Q146078.}
      }.
  }
  

Try it!

Resources

• Commons:Category:Tamil dictionaries‎ - hundreds of scanned Tamil dictionaries
• Category:Tamil lemmas (Q31160964) (Note that Wiktionaries are cc-by-sa licensed while WD:Lexemes is cc0 licensed.)
• Tamil Wiktionary
• Wikidata:Lexicographical data - Main project page

Wikisource

• ta:s:பகுப்பு:அகரமுதலிகள் - Tamil Wikisource copy-pastable text version of Public Domain Dictionaries

Citable external resources

• Tamil Lexicon (Q120646844) Searchable Version
• A comprehensive Tamil and English dictionary of high and low Tamil (Q117344581) Searchable Version
• N. Kathiraiver Pillai's Tamil Moli Akarathi: Tamil-Tamil dictionary (Q123027241) Searchable Version

Tools

WD:Tools/Lexicographical data

• Ordia
• MachtSinn
• Bodh - to add statements to lexemes, senses and forms.