Wikidata:Property proposal/semantic derivation

‎semantic derivation

Originally proposed at Wikidata:Property proposal/Lexemes

   Done: semantic derivation of (P12410) (Talk and documentation)

Description	links a lexeme sense to a particular sense it is derived from
Data type	Sense
Example 1	ਹਜ਼ਾਰਹਾ/ہزارہا (L1088987-S1): derived from: هزار/ҳазор (L1088983-S1); mode of derivation (P5886): extension of meaning (Q115378929)
Example 2	अंग लगना/انگ لگنا (L615866-S1): derived from: ਅੰਗ ਲਾਵਣ/انگ لاوݨ (L1093797-S2); mode of derivation (P5886): contraction of meaning (Q115379188)
Example 3	अंग लगाना/انگ لگانا (L615868-S1): derived from: ਅੰਗ ਲੱਗਣ/انگ لگݨ (L1093794-S4); mode of derivation (P5886): contraction of meaning (Q115379188)

Explanation

For the benefit of those unfamiliar with Punjabi, the examples illustrate the following:

1. The Punjabi adjective ਹਜ਼ਾਰਹਾ/ہزارہا (L1088987) is derived in form from the plural of the Persian noun هزار/ҳазор (L1088983). The primary sense of the Persian noun is the number “one thousand,” and the primary sense of the derived adjective is equivalent to “many thousands of,” for use in expressions with meanings like “thousands of years ago.” This may be considered a sense which elaborates on or extends from the original Persian sense.
2. The Hindustani compound verb अंग लगना/انگ لگنا (L615866) may be considered a loan of Punjabi ਅੰਗ ਲਾਵਣ/انگ لاوݨ (L1093797) due to the fact that both its constituents are themselves borrowings from Punjabi. Sense 1 on the Hindustani lexeme may be described as “to be embraced,” or in a more literal translation of the definition given in Hindi/Urdu dictionaries, “to be held with the chest.” The corresponding sense 2 on the Punjabi lexeme is very close but not the same: “for bodies to have gone and touched each other.” This sense is more broadly applicable and is not necessarily restricted to chest hugs—there are other senses on similar compounds for expressing that in Punjabi. The Hindustani sense may be considered a contraction or narrowing of the original sense.
3. The Hindustani compound verb अंग लगाना/انگ لگانا (L615868) may be similarly treated as a loan of Punjabi ਅੰਗ ਲੱਗਣ/انگ لگݨ (L1093794). However, these two lexemes have no senses which may be considered exact matches for translation between each other. The Hindustani sense used in the example has the meaning of “to take in marriage.” This meaning is a specific one which would be included in sense 4 on the Punjabi compound, which has a more generic meaning of “to bond with / form a relationship with.” This sense in Hindustani may be considered a contraction or narrowing of the original meaning.

Qualifier values

These values for mode of derivation (P5886) on senses are proposed. The items are based on a list provided in the book The Punjabi Language: Sources and Forms (Q115327155) (in Punjabi). This list is likely not exhaustive and could be expanded.

• extension of meaning (Q115378929)
• contraction of meaning (Q115379188)
• pejoration of meaning (Q115379263)
• transfer of meaning (Q115379210)
• amelioration of meaning (Q115379237)

(A review of the English Wikipedia article section on this topic may be helpful for more context on where these values come from.)

Motivation

While it is currently possible to indicate some semantic derivation using derived from lexeme (P5191) on the lexeme level using qualifiers for the object and subject sense, this is not well suited for more complex situations. There may be multiple senses between lexemes which are unquestionably related to each other, but which cannot be considered translations or synonyms of one another. Linking these senses to each other avoids ambiguity about which senses correspond to each other between lexemes with multiple senses.

Any feedback and/or more examples would be very much welcome.

Note that “derived from sense” may also be an appropriate English label, but this name was taken by a page for a previous property proposal. -عُثمان (talk) 23:02, 17 April 2023 (UTC)

Discussion

• Tend to  Support in general, as it seems like something whose scope could be broadened beyond the five mode derivations given. Mahir256 (talk) 23:38, 17 April 2023 (UTC)
•  Support, an important property for lexemes.--Arbnos (talk) 20:48, 17 January 2024 (UTC)
  • @عُثمان, Mahir256, Arbnos:  Done semantic derivation of (P12410) --Luca.favorido (talk) 08:20, 4 February 2024 (UTC)
  • As a side note to this discussion, I add that object sense (P5980) is meant to be used to qualify combines lexemes (P5238) and similar properties. lexeme sense for periphrastic definition (P7220) is meant to be used to qualify periphrastic definition (P7219) property. --Luca.favorido (talk) 09:07, 4 February 2024 (UTC)