Rab GTPases Are Recruited to Chlamydial Inclusions in Both a Species-Dependent and Species-Independent Manner (Q28203990)

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1128/IAI.71.10.5855-5870.2003

12 March 2024

0 references

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1128/IAI.71.10.5855-5870.2003

12 March 2024

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1128/IAI.71.10.5855-5870.2003

12 March 2024

4

Gary R Whittaker

0 references

author name string

Kimberly A. Rzomp

1

1 reference

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?resulttype=core&format=json&query=SRC%3AMED%20AND%20EXT_ID%3A14500507

12 March 2024

Luella D. Scholtes

2

1 reference

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?resulttype=core&format=json&query=SRC%3AMED%20AND%20EXT_ID%3A14500507

12 March 2024

Benjamin J. Briggs

3

1 reference

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?resulttype=core&format=json&query=SRC%3AMED%20AND%20EXT_ID%3A14500507

12 March 2024

Marci A. Scidmore

5

1 reference

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?resulttype=core&format=json&query=SRC%3AMED%20AND%20EXT_ID%3A14500507

full work available at URL

12 March 2024

language of work or name

English

0 references

publication date

October 2003

0 references

https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc201052?pdf=render

file format

Portable Document Format

online access status

open access

1 reference

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?resulttype=core&format=json&query=SRC%3AMED%20AND%20EXT_ID%3A14500507

https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC201052

12 March 2024

1 reference

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?resulttype=core&format=json&query=SRC%3AMED%20AND%20EXT_ID%3A14500507

https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC201052?pdf=render

12 March 2024

file format

Portable Document Format

online access status

open access

content deliverer

1 reference

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?resulttype=core&format=json&query=SRC%3AMED%20AND%20EXT_ID%3A14500507

https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.10.5855-5870.2003

12 March 2024

online access status

open access

1 reference

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?resulttype=core&format=json&query=SRC%3AMED%20AND%20EXT_ID%3A14500507

https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/IAI.71.10.5855-5870.2003

12 March 2024

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1128/IAI.71.10.5855-5870.2003

The Rab6 GTPase regulates recruitment of the dynactin complex to Golgi membranes

12 March 2024

published in

Infection and Immunity

0 references

volume

71

0 references

issue

10

0 references

page(s)

5855-70

0 references

cites work

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Early/recycling endosomes-to-TGN transport involves two SNARE complexes and a Rab6 isoform

20 March 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Identification and characterization of a family of Rab11-interacting proteins

20 March 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Myosin vb is associated with plasma membrane recycling systems

20 March 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Rab1 interaction with a GM130 effector complex regulates COPII vesicle cis--Golgi tethering

20 March 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

The small GTPase Rab4A interacts with the central region of cytoplasmic dynein light intermediate chain-1

20 March 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Rab11 regulates the compartmentalization of early endosomes required for efficient transport from early endosomes to the trans-golgi network

20 March 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Alternative splicing of the human Rab6A gene generates two close but functionally different isoforms

20 March 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Rab11b is essential for recycling of transferrin to the plasma membrane

20 March 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Rab1 recruitment of p115 into a cis-SNARE complex: programming budding COPII vesicles for fusion

20 March 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

The small GTPase Rab6B, a novel Rab6 subfamily member, is cell-type specifically expressed and localised to the Golgi apparatus

20 March 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Rabaptin4, a novel effector of the small GTPase rab4a, is recruited to perinuclear recycling vesicles

20 March 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Identification of a putative effector protein for rab11 that participates in transferrin recycling

20 March 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Rab11 is required for trans-golgi network-to-plasma membrane transport and a preferential target for GDP dissociation inhibitor

20 March 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Interaction of a Golgi-associated kinesin-like protein with Rab6

20 March 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Rab11 regulates recycling through the pericentriolar recycling endosome

20 March 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

The rab7 GTPase resides on a vesicular compartment connected to lysosomes

20 March 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

20 March 2017

Global data on blindness

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Expression and localization of two low molecular weight GTP-binding proteins, Rab8 and Rab10, by epitope tag

20 March 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Rab6 coordinates a novel Golgi to ER retrograde transport pathway in live cells

20 March 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Rab9 functions in transport between late endosomes and the trans Golgi network

20 March 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Distinct membrane domains on endosomes in the recycling pathway visualized by multicolor imaging of Rab4, Rab5, and Rab11

20 March 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

The small GTP-binding protein rab4 controls an early sorting event on the endocytic pathway

7 April 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Rab GTPases: specifying and deciphering organelle identity and function

7 April 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

14-3-3 proteins: structure, function, and regulation

7 April 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Rab7: a key to lysosome biogenesis

7 April 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Protein sorting by transport vesicles

7 April 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

rab5 controls early endosome fusion in vitro

7 April 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

The small GTPase rab5 functions as a regulatory factor in the early endocytic pathway

7 April 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Chlamydia trachomatis infection alters host cell transcription in diverse cellular pathways

7 April 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Restricted fusion of Chlamydia trachomatis vesicles with endocytic compartments during the initial stages of infection.

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Chlamydial antigens colocalize within IncA-laden fibers extending from the inclusion membrane into the host cytosol

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Modulation of cellular cholesterol transport and homeostasis by Rab11.

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Molecular basis defining human Chlamydia trachomatis tissue tropism. A possible role for tryptophan synthase

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Proteins in the chlamydial inclusion membrane

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Rab coupling protein (RCP), a novel Rab4 and Rab11 effector protein.

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Chlamydia trachomatis cytotoxicity associated with complete and partial cytotoxin genes

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Traffic control: Rab GTPases and the regulation of interorganellar transport.

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Mammalian 14-3-3beta associates with the Chlamydia trachomatis inclusion membrane via its interaction with IncG.

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Sphingomyelin trafficking in Chlamydia pneumoniae-infected cells.

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Expression of wild-type and mutant green fluorescent protein-Rab1 for fluorescence microscopy analysis

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Expression and properties of Rab7 in endosome function

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Expression and functional analyses of Rab8 and Rab11a in exocytic transport from trans-Golgi network

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

A secondary structure motif predictive of protein localization to the chlamydial inclusion membrane

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Characterization and intracellular trafficking pattern of vacuoles containing Chlamydia pneumoniae in human epithelial cells

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Identification and characterization of a Chlamydia trachomatis early operon encoding four novel inclusion membrane proteins.

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Hydrolysis of GTP on rab11 is required for the direct delivery of transferrin from the pericentriolar recycling compartment to the cell surface but not from sorting endosomes

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Host cell phospholipids are trafficked to and then modified by Chlamydia trachomatis

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Chlamydia trachomatis utilizes the host cell microtubule network during early events of infection

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Chlamydia trachomatis genital infections--United States, 1995.

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Characterization of the Chlamydia trachomatis vacuole and its interaction with the host endocytic pathway in HeLa cells.

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Vesicular interactions of the Chlamydia trachomatis inclusion are determined by chlamydial early protein synthesis rather than route of entry

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Temporal analysis of the developing Chlamydia psittaci inclusion by use of fluorescence and electron microscopy

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

The late chlamydial inclusion membrane is not derived from the endocytic pathway and is relatively deficient in host proteins

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Sphingolipids and glycoproteins are differentially trafficked to the Chlamydia trachomatis inclusion

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Differential interaction with endocytic and exocytic pathways distinguish parasitophorous vacuoles of Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydia trachomatis

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Roles of Ca2+ and F-actin in intracellular aggregation of Chlamydia trachomatis in eucaryotic cells

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Evidence that Chlamydia pneumoniae causes pneumonia and bronchitis

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Cytoskeletal requirements in Chlamydia trachomatis infection of host cells

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Lipid metabolism in Chlamydia trachomatis-infected cells: directed trafficking of Golgi-derived sphingolipids to the chlamydial inclusion

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Organization of organelles and membrane traffic by microtubules

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Purification and partial characterization of the major outer membrane protein of Chlamydia trachomatis

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Comparative biology of intracellular parasitism

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

The small GTP-binding protein rab4 is associated with early endosomes

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

GTP-binding mutants of rab1 and rab2 are potent inhibitors of vesicular transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

The rab7 GTPase controls the maturation of Salmonella typhimurium-containing vacuoles in HeLa cells

29 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Arrest of mycobacterial phagosome maturation is caused by a block in vesicle fusion between stages controlled by rab5 and rab7.

2 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

The mammalian Rab family of small GTPases: definition of family and subfamily sequence motifs suggests a mechanism for functional specificity in the Ras superfamily.

2 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Evidence for a COP-I-independent transport route from the Golgi complex to the endoplasmic reticulum

27 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

The role of Chlamydia pneumoniae in atherosclerosis

27 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Cellubrevin-targeted fluorescence uncovers heterogeneity in the recycling endosomes

27 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Rab1a and multiple other Rab proteins are associated with the transcytotic pathway in rat liver

27 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=201052

Rab4 affects both recycling and degradative endosomal trafficking

27 November 2018

1 reference

PubMed

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14500507

inferred from PubMed ID database lookup

12 December 2020

based on heuristic

Role of microtubules in the organization of the Golgi complex

1 reference

PubMed

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14500507

inferred from PubMed ID database lookup

12 December 2020

based on heuristic

The small GTP-binding protein rab4 controls an early sorting event on the endocytic pathway

68

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1128/IAI.71.10.5855-5870.2003

Immunology & infectious diseases

12 March 2024

76

4

131

1994

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1128/IAI.71.10.5855-5870.2003

12 March 2024

Identifiers