Proceeding From Observed Correlation to Causal Inference: The Use of Natural Experiments (Q34483888)

2 August 2017

Proceeding From Observed Correlation to Causal Inference: The Use of Natural Experiments (English)

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2 August 2017

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Michael Rutter

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2 August 2017

1 December 2007

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Perspectives on Psychological Science

2 August 2017

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2 August 2017

2

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2 August 2017

377-395

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2 August 2017

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Time trends in reported diagnoses of childhood neuropsychiatric disorders: a Danish cohort study.

2 August 2017

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Do the effects of early severe deprivation on cognition persist into early adolescence? Findings from the English and Romanian adoptees study

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Age versus schooling effects on intelligence development

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Gene-environment interactions in psychiatry: joining forces with neuroscience

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Moderation of the effect of adolescent-onset cannabis use on adult psychosis by a functional polymorphism in the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene: longitudinal evidence of a gene X environment interaction

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Maternal expressed emotion predicts children's antisocial behavior problems: using monozygotic-twin differences to identify environmental effects on behavioral development

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Relationships between poverty and psychopathology: a natural experiment

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

‘Mendelian randomization’: can genetic epidemiology contribute to understanding environmental determinants of disease?*

21 January 2018

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

What can mendelian randomisation tell us about modifiable behavioural and environmental exposures?

21 January 2018

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

The role of the children of twins design in elucidating causal relations between parent characteristics and child outcomes

21 January 2018

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

A genetically informed study of the processes underlying the association between parental marital instability and offspring adjustment

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

How can we boost IQs of "dull children"?: A late adoption study

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Does cannabis use encourage other forms of illicit drug use?

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Family change, parental discord and early offending

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Association between nonmaternal care in the first year of life and children's receptive language skills prior to school entry: the moderating role of socioeconomic status

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Age at onset of alcohol use and its association with DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence: results from the National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

A structural approach to selection bias

21 January 2018

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

The Dutch famine and schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

21 January 2018

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

No effect of MMR withdrawal on the incidence of autism: a total population study

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Mendelian randomization: a novel test of the gateway hypothesis and models of gene-environment interplay

21 January 2018

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

New evidence for neurobehavioral effects of in utero cocaine exposure.

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

The limits of child effects: evidence for genetically mediated child effects on corporal punishment but not on physical maltreatment.

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Twin studies in behavioral research: a skeptical view

21 January 2018

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Apolipoprotein E isoforms, serum cholesterol, and cancer.

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Commentary: Mendelian Randomization, 18 years on.

21 January 2018

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Commentary: Katan's remarkable foresight: genes and causality 18 years on.

21 January 2018

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Psychiatric genetics: a methodologic critique

21 January 2018

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Genetic influences on measures of the environment: a systematic review

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

MAOA, maltreatment, and gene–environment interaction predicting children's mental health: new evidence and a meta-analysis

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Propensity scores: an introduction and experimental test

21 January 2018

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

A genetically informed study of the association between harsh punishment and offspring behavioral problems

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Escalation of drug use in early-onset cannabis users vs co-twin controls

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Thimerosal and the occurrence of autism: negative ecological evidence from Danish population-based data

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Estimating causal effects.

21 January 2018

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Acculturation and coronary heart disease in Japanese-Americans

21 January 2018

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

The association of early adolescent problem behavior with adult psychopathology

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Commentary: fibrinogen and coronary heart disease--test of causality by 'Mendelian' randomization by Keavney et al.

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Foster-placed and adopted children exposed in utero to opiates and other substances: prediction and outcome at four and a half years.

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Measured Gene-Environment Interactions in Psychopathology: Concepts, Research Strategies, and Implications for Research, Intervention, and Public Understanding of Genetics

21 January 2018

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Teen-aged mothers in contemporary Britain

21 January 2018

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Prenatal exposure to wartime famine and development of antisocial personality disorder in early adulthood.

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Limits to causal inference based on Mendelian randomization: a comparison with randomized controlled trials

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Genotype-environment correlations in late childhood and early adolescence: antisocial behavioral problems and coercive parenting.

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Genotype-environment interaction and correlation in the analysis of human behavior

21 January 2018

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Age at first drink and risk for alcoholism: a noncausal association

21 January 2018

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Data, design, and background knowledge in etiologic inference

21 January 2018

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Marginal structural models and causal inference in epidemiology

21 January 2018

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Assignment to Treatment Group on the Basis of a Covariate

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Incidence of autism spectrum disorders: Changes over time and their meaning*

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Gene-environment interdependence

21 January 2018

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Quasi-autistic patterns following severe early global privation. English and Romanian Adoptees (ERA) Study Team

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Using sex differences in psychopathology to study causal mechanisms: unifying issues and research strategies

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Early adolescent outcomes for institutionally-deprived and non-deprived adoptees. I: disinhibited attachment.

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Developmental catch-up, and deficit, following adoption after severe global early privation. English and Romanian Adoptees (ERA) Study Team.

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Gene-environment interplay and psychopathology: multiple varieties but real effects

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Testing hypotheses on specific environmental causal effects on behavior

21 January 2018

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Twins as a natural experiment to study the causes of mild language delay: I: Design; twin-singleton differences in language, and obstetric risks.

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Analysing the contributions of genes and parent-child interaction to childhood behavioural and emotional problems: a model for the children of twins

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Neurobehavioral outcomes of cocaine-exposed infants.

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Cognitive outcomes of preschool children with prenatal cocaine exposure

21 January 2018

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Rates of adult schizophrenia following prenatal exposure to the Chinese famine of 1959-1961.

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Schizophrenia after prenatal famine. Further evidence

21 January 2018

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Regression-discontinuity analysis: An alternative to the ex post facto experiment

21 January 2018

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Toward a clearer definition of confounding.

21 January 2018

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

The 'Jupiter' sinking: effects on children's fears, depression and anxiety

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

Ethnicity and Mental Health: The Example of Schizophrenia in the African-Caribbean Population in Europe

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111%2FJ.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

10.1111/J.1745-6916.2007.00050.X

21 January 2018

Identifiers

DOI

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2 August 2017

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PubMed ID

26151974