Varicocele: current concepts in pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment (Q35040368)

6 August 2017

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title

Varicocele: current concepts in pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment (English)

1 reference

6 August 2017

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Peter C Fretz

1

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PubMed ID

12516762

6 August 2017

Jay I Sandlow

series ordinal

2

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6 August 2017

1 November 2002

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Urologic Clinics of North America

6 August 2017

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6 August 2017

29

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6 August 2017

4

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6 August 2017

921-937

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Infertility and the seeking of infertility treatment in a representative population.

6 August 2017

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Varicocele: reversal of the testicular blood flow and temperature effects by varicocele repair

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Loss of fertility in men with varicocele**Presented in part at the 45th Annual Meeting of The American Fertility Society, San Francisco, California, November 13 to 16, 1989

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Influence of surgically induced varicocele on testicular blood flow, temperature, and histology in adult rats and dogs

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Varicocele: a progressive or static lesion?

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Deterioration of semen parameters over time in men with untreated varicocele: evidence of progressive testicular damage

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Ligation of the testicular artery and vein in adolescent varicocele

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Comparison of artery-ligating and artery-preserving varicocelectomy: effect on post-operative spermatogenesis

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Intraoperative varicocele anatomy: a macroscopic and microscopic study

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Testicular veins: anatomy and role in varicocelogenesis and other pathologic conditions.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

The varicocele syndrome: venography determining the optimal level for surgical management

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Varicocele and varicose veins compared a basis for logical surgery

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Anatomy of the venous drainage of the human testis: testicular vein cast, microdissection and radiographic demonstration. A new anatomical concept.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Detailed anatomy of the internal spermatic vein and the ovarian vein. Human cadaver study and operative spermatic venography: clinical aspects

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Study of bilateral histology and meiotic analysis in men undergoing varicocele ligation

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Histologic evaluation of spermatic veins in patients with varicocele

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Varicocele testis evaluated by CT-scanning

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Biomechanical Properties of Normal and Varicose Internal Spermatic Veins

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Viscoelastic properties and collagen content of the long saphenous vein in normal and varicose veins

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of basal lamina of the testis in adolescent varicocele.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

The blood-testis barrier in men with varicocele: a lanthanum tracer study.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Experimental varicocele does not affect the blood-testis barrier, epididymal electrolyte concentrations, or testicular blood gas concentrations

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Varicocele: still an enigma

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

A possible ontogenic etiology for idiopathic left varicocele

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Primary right varicocele

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Debate on the pros and cons of varicocele treatment--in favour of varicocele treatment

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Elevation of intratesticular and scrotal skin surface temperature in men with varicocele

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Repair of experimental varicoceles in the rat. Long-term effects on testicular blood flow and temperature and cauda epididymidal sperm concentration and motility

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Varicocele testis and testicular temperature

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Reduction in testicular temperature after varicocelectomy in infertile men

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Testicular heating and its possible contributions to male infertility: a review

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase activity in the testes of infertile men with varicocele

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Seminal Cytology in the Presence of Varicocele

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

The role of internal spermatic vein plasma catecholamine determinations in subfertile men with varicoceles

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Internal spermatic vein prostaglandins in varicocele patients

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Concentrations of cortisol and renin in the internal spermatic vein of men with varicocele

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Adrenal cortical hormones in the spermatic vein of 95 patients with left varicocele

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

The role of adrenomedullin in varicocele and impotence

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Venous tension patterns in cord veins. I. In normal and varicocele individuals

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Venous tension patterns in cord veins. II. After varicocele correction

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Blood Gases and pH Determinations in the Internal Spermatic Veins of Subfertile Men with Varicocele

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Physical activity as a possible aggravating factor for athletes with varicocele: impact on the semen profile

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Histochemical study of human cremaster in varicocele patients.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Myofibroblasts in adolescent varicocele: an ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Reactive oxygen species and human spermatozoa: physiology and pathology

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Role of reactive oxygen species in male infertility

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Oxidative stress and role of antioxidants in normal and abnormal sperm function

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Varicocele is associated with elevated spermatozoal reactive oxygen species production and diminished seminal plasma antioxidant capacity

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Superoxide anion in human semen related to seminal parameters and clinical aspects

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Varicocelectomy reduces reactive oxygen species levels and increases antioxidant activity of seminal plasma from infertile men with varicocele

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Increased incidence of testicular varicoceles in cigarette smokers

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Interrelationships of cigarette smoking, testicular varicoceles, and seminal fluid indexes

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Correlation of sperm-bound immunoglobulins with impaired semen analysis in infertile men with varicoceles

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Prevalence of sperm bound antibodies in infertile men with varicocele: the effect of varicocele ligation on antibody levels and semen response

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Cadmium-induced apoptosis in the urogenital organs of the male rat and its suppression by chelation

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Varicocele and male infertility: part I. Preface

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

A potential role for cadmium in the etiology of varicocele-associated infertility

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Decrease of topoisomerase I activity in the testes of infertile men with varicocele

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Changes of enzymes involved in DNA synthesis in the testes of cryptorchid rats

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Varicocele in subfertility; results of treatment.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Progressive testicular atrophy in the varicocele patient

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

The Parkes Lecture. Heat and the testis

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Is there a specific abnormality of sperm morphology in men with varicoceles?

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Varicocele and the morphology of spermatozoa

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Varicocelectomy improves sperm strict morphology and motility

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Effects of subinguinal varicocele ligation on sperm concentration, motility and Kruger morphology

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Response of routine semen analysis and critical assessment of sperm morphology by Kruger classification to therapeutic varicocelectomy

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Assessment of sperm function in fertile and infertile men.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone seminal plasma levels in varicocele patients

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Low plasma testosterone in varicocele patients with impotence and male infertility

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Seminal plasma testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels in men with varicoceles

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Leydig cell in idiopathic varicocele

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

The effect of microsurgical varicocelectomy on serum follicle stimulating hormone, testosterone and free testosterone levels in infertile men with varicocele

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

The effect of varicocelectomy on serum testosterone levels in infertile men with varicoceles

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

The advantages of standardized evaluation of male infertility

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Effect of surgically induced varicocele on testicular blood flow and Sertoli cell function

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Physical examination for varicocele.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Correlation of testicular color Doppler ultrasonography, physical examination and venography in the detection of left varicoceles in men with infertility

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Is routine scrotal ultrasound advantageous in infertile men?

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Accuracy and reproducibility of clinical measures of testicular volume

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

The value of palpation, varicoscreen contact thermography and colour Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of varicocele

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Sequential scrotal scintigraphy for the study of varicocele

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Hemodynamic evaluation of left testicular varicocele by scrotal scintigraphy

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Varicocele scintigraphy: a simplified screening method for the detection of spermatic vein reflux

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

1 reference

7 January 2021

Predictive parameters of successful varicocele repair

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Relationship between varicocele size and response to varicocelectomy.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Relationship between grade of varicocele and the response to varicocelectomy

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Preoperative semen analysis as a predictor of seminal improvement following varicocelectomy

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Microsurgical inguinal varicocele repair in azoospermic men

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Varicocele repair improves semen parameters in azoospermic men with spermatogenic failure

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Induction of spermatogenesis and achievement of pregnancy after microsurgical varicocelectomy in men with azoospermia and severe oligoasthenospermia

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Migration of intravascular balloon after percutaneous embolotherapy of varicocele

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Prevalence of Y chromosome microdeletions in infertile men who consulted a tertiary care medical centre: the Münster experience.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Microdeletions in the Y chromosome of infertile men

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Y chromosome microdeletions in infertile men with varicocele

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Response to varicocelectomy in oligospermic men with and without defined genetic infertility

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Seminal improvement following repair of ultrasound detected subclinical varicoceles

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Subclinical varicocele: the effectiveness of varicocelectomy

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Incidence and clinical significance of subclinical scrotal varicoceles

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

The subclinical varicocele debate

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Clomiphene citrate versus varicocelectomy in treatment of subclinical varicocele: a prospective randomized study

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Radical cure of varicocele by a new technique; preliminary report

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Comparison of results and complications of high ligation surgery and microsurgical high inguinal varicocelectomy in the treatment of varicocele

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Varicocele: strategies in diagnosis and treatment

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Percutaneous varicocele embolization in the treatment of infertility.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Mechanisms of recurrent varicocele after balloon occlusion or surgical ligation of the internal spermatic vein

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Antegrade scrotal sclerotherapy for the treatment of varicocele: technique and late results

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Anatomic variants of the spermatic vein: importance for percutaneous sclerotherapy of idiopathic varicocele

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Pulmonary embolism after percutaneous embolization of left spermatic vein

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Radiation risk estimation in varicocele embolization

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Update on treatment of varicocele: counselling as effective as occlusion of the vena spermatica

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Controlled trial of high spermatic vein ligation for varicocele in infertile men

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Is assisted reproduction the optimal treatment for varicocele-associated male infertility? A cost-effectiveness analysis

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

Varicocele--a historical perspective.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0094-0143%2802%2900075-7

7 January 2021

10.1016/S0094-0143(02)00075-7

Identifiers

DOI

1 reference

6 August 2017

1 reference

PubMed ID

12516762