A novel Staphylococcus aureus biofilm phenotype mediated by the fibronectin-binding proteins, FnBPA and FnBPB. (Q38608812)

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:18375547%20AND%20SRC:MED&resulttype=core&format=json

4 January 2020

title

A novel Staphylococcus aureus biofilm phenotype mediated by the fibronectin-binding proteins, FnBPA and FnBPB (English)

1 reference

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:18375547%20AND%20SRC:MED&resulttype=core&format=json

4 January 2020

main subject

biofilm

0 references

Staphylococcus aureus

object named as

Staphylococcus aureus

1 reference

1 reference

1

1 reference

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:18375547%20AND%20SRC:MED&resulttype=core&format=json

4 January 2020

Anthony Loughman

6

1 reference

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:18375547%20AND%20SRC:MED&resulttype=core&format=json

4 January 2020

James P O'Gara

8

1 reference

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:18375547%20AND%20SRC:MED&resulttype=core&format=json

4 January 2020

7

Timothy J Foster

1 reference

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:18375547%20AND%20SRC:MED&resulttype=core&format=json

4 January 2020

2

Clarissa Pozzi

1 reference

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:18375547%20AND%20SRC:MED&resulttype=core&format=json

4 January 2020

author name string

Patrick Houston

3

1 reference

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:18375547%20AND%20SRC:MED&resulttype=core&format=json

4 January 2020

Hilary Humphreys

4

1 reference

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:18375547%20AND%20SRC:MED&resulttype=core&format=json

4 January 2020

D Ashley Robinson

5

1 reference

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:18375547%20AND%20SRC:MED&resulttype=core&format=json

4 January 2020

language of work or name

English

0 references

publication date

28 March 2008

1 reference

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:18375547%20AND%20SRC:MED&resulttype=core&format=json

4 January 2020

published in

Journal of Bacteriology

1 reference

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:18375547%20AND%20SRC:MED&resulttype=core&format=json

4 January 2020

volume

190

1 reference

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:18375547%20AND%20SRC:MED&resulttype=core&format=json

4 January 2020

issue

11

1 reference

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:18375547%20AND%20SRC:MED&resulttype=core&format=json

4 January 2020

page(s)

3835-3850

1 reference

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:18375547%20AND%20SRC:MED&resulttype=core&format=json

ica and beyond: biofilm mechanisms and regulation in Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus

4 January 2020

cites work

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Association between methicillin susceptibility and biofilm regulation in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from device-related infections

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Bap: a family of surface proteins involved in biofilm formation.

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Immune evasion by staphylococci

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Extracellular carbohydrate-containing polymers of a model biofilm-producing strain, Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Insights on Evolution of Virulence and Resistance from the Complete Genome Analysis of an Early Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain and a Biofilm-Producing Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis Strain

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Effect of mild acid on gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

New vector for efficient allelic replacement in naturally nontransformable, low-GC-content, gram-positive bacteria.

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Global gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus biofilms.

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

The teicoplanin-associated locus regulator (TcaR) and the intercellular adhesin locus regulator (IcaR) are transcriptional inhibitors of the ica locus in Staphylococcus aureus

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Role of biofilm-associated protein bap in the pathogenesis of bovine Staphylococcus aureus

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Control of glucose- and NaCl-induced biofilm formation by rbf in Staphylococcus aureus

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

A “dock, lock, and latch” Structural Model for a Staphylococcal Adhesin Binding to Fibrinogen

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Mutation of sarA in Staphylococcus aureus limits biofilm formation

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

SarA and not sigmaB is essential for biofilm development by Staphylococcus aureus.

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Pathogenic bacteria attach to human fibronectin through a tandem beta-zipper

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

A novel variant of the immunoglobulin fold in surface adhesins of Staphylococcus aureus: crystal structure of the fibrinogen-binding MSCRAMM, clumping factor A.

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

sigmaB modulates virulence determinant expression and stress resistance: characterization of a functional rsbU strain derived from Staphylococcus aureus 8325-4.

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

icaR encodes a transcriptional repressor involved in environmental regulation of ica operon expression and biofilm formation in Staphylococcus epidermidis.

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Immunochemical properties of the staphylococcal poly-N-acetylglucosamine surface polysaccharide

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Multiple mechanisms for the activation of human platelet aggregation by Staphylococcus aureus: roles for the clumping factors ClfA and ClfB, the serine-aspartate repeat protein SdrE and protein A.

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

An iron-regulated sortase anchors a class of surface protein during Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Strain-dependent differences in the regulatory roles of sarA and agr in Staphylococcus aureus.

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Decreased amounts of cell wall-associated protein A and fibronectin-binding proteins in Staphylococcus aureus sarA mutants due to up-regulation of extracellular proteases

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus exhibit diversity in fnb genes and adhesion to human fibronectin

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Staphylococcus aureus sortase mutants defective in the display of surface proteins and in the pathogenesis of animal infections

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

The fibronectin-binding MSCRAMM FnbpA of Staphylococcus aureus is a bifunctional protein that also binds to fibrinogen

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Surface protein adhesins of Staphylococcus aureus

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Deletion of the alternative sigma factor sigmaB in Staphylococcus aureus reveals its function as a global regulator of virulence genes

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Modification of the Staphylococcus aureus fibronectin binding phenotype by V8 protease

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

The intercellular adhesin involved in biofilm accumulation of Staphylococcus epidermidis is a linear beta-1,6-linked glucosaminoglycan: purification and structural analysis

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Adherence of coagulase-negative staphylococci to plastic tissue culture plates: a quantitative model for the adherence of staphylococci to medical devices

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Nucleotide sequence of the gene for a fibronectin-binding protein from Staphylococcus aureus: use of this peptide sequence in the synthesis of biologically active peptides

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Key role of teichoic acid net charge in Staphylococcus aureus colonization of artificial surfaces

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Direct quantitative transcript analysis of the agr regulon of Staphylococcus aureus during human infection in comparison to the expression profile in vitro

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Polysaccharide intercellular adhesin or protein factors in biofilm accumulation of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from prosthetic hip and knee joint infections.

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Increased colonization of indwelling medical devices by quorum-sensing mutants of Staphylococcus epidermidis in vivo

14 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Evolutionary models of the emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

14 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Detection of the intercellular adhesion gene cluster (ica) and phase variation in Staphylococcus epidermidis blood culture strains and mucosal isolates

14 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

A 140-kilodalton extracellular protein is essential for the accumulation of Staphylococcus epidermidis strains on surfaces

14 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Glucose and nonmaintained pH decrease expression of the accessory gene regulator (agr) in Staphylococcus aureus

14 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Parallel induction by glucose of adherence and a polysaccharide antigen specific for plastic-adherent Staphylococcus epidermidis: evidence for functional relation to intercellular adhesion

14 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Acetic acid induces expression of the Staphylococcus aureus cidABC and lrgAB murein hydrolase regulator operons

14 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

SarA positively controls bap-dependent biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus

25 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Evidence for icaADBC-independent biofilm development mechanism in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates

23 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Bap, a Staphylococcus aureus surface protein involved in biofilm formation

23 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Evidence for autolysin-mediated primary attachment of Staphylococcus epidermidis to a polystyrene surface

23 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Co-elimination of mec and spa genes in Staphylococcus aureus and the effect of agr and protein A production on bacterial adherence to cell monolayers

23 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

The toxic shock syndrome exotoxin structural gene is not detectably transmitted by a prophage

23 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Environmental regulation of biofilm development in methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates

23 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Induction of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation via proteolytic processing of the accumulation-associated protein by staphylococcal and host proteases

31 August 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

The N-terminal A domain of fibronectin-binding proteins A and B promotes adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus to elastin.

31 August 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Structural elucidation of the extracellular and cell-wall teichoic acids of Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A, a reference biofilm-positive strain.

31 August 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Regulation of icaR gene expression in Staphylococcus epidermidis

31 August 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Environmental regulation of biofilm formation in intensive care unit isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis.

31 August 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Evaluation of different detection methods of biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus

31 August 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

The elastin-binding protein of Staphylococcus aureus (EbpS) is expressed at the cell surface as an integral membrane protein and not as a cell wall-associated protein

31 August 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Clumping factor B (ClfB), a new surface-located fibrinogen-binding adhesin of Staphylococcus aureus

31 August 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Gene replacement in Staphylococcus carnosus and Staphylococcus xylosus.

31 August 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Adhesion properties of mutants of Staphylococcus aureus defective in fibronectin-binding proteins and studies on the expression of fnb genes.

31 August 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Complete nucleotide sequence of pT181, a tetracycline-resistance plasmid from Staphylococcus aureus.

31 August 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2395027

Fibrinogen and elastin bind to the same region within the A domain of fibronectin binding protein A, an MSCRAMM of Staphylococcus aureus

31 August 2018

1 reference

12 December 2020

Fibronectin-binding protein A of Staphylococcus aureus has multiple, substituting, binding regions that mediate adherence to fibronectin and invasion of endothelial cells

1 reference

12 December 2020

The Staphylococcus aureus surface protein SasG and its homologues promote bacterial adherence to human desquamated nasal epithelial cells

1 reference

12 December 2020

Construction of single-copy integration vectors for Staphylococcus aureus

1 reference

12 December 2020

The dipeptide repeat region of the fibrinogen-binding protein (clumping factor) is required for functional expression of the fibrinogen-binding domain on the Staphylococcus aureus cell surface.

1 reference

12 December 2020

The role of Staphylococcus aureus surface protein SasG in adherence and biofilm formation

1 reference

12 December 2020

The tandem beta-zipper model defines high affinity fibronectin-binding repeats within Staphylococcus aureus FnBPA

1 reference

12 December 2020

Sortase: the surface protein anchoring transpeptidase and the LPXTG motif

1 reference

12 December 2020

Agr-independent regulation of fibronectin-binding protein(s) by the regulatory locus sar in Staphylococcus aureus

1 reference

12 December 2020

Impact of the agr quorum-sensing system on adherence to polystyrene in Staphylococcus aureus

1 reference

12 December 2020

Identifiers

DOI

10.1128/JB.00167-08

1 reference

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:18375547%20AND%20SRC:MED&resulttype=core&format=json

4 January 2020

1 reference

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:18375547%20AND%20SRC:MED&resulttype=core&format=json

4 January 2020

PubMed publication ID

18375547

1 reference