Best (but oft-forgotten) practices: the design, analysis, and interpretation of Mendelian randomization studies (Q30489063)

15 August 2017

Best (but oft-forgotten) practices: the design, analysis, and interpretation of Mendelian randomization studies (English)

1 reference

15 August 2017

6

1 reference

22 June 2017

Philip C Haycock

1

0 references

Stephen Burgess

object named as

Stephen Burgess

2

0 references

Caroline L. Relton

object named as

Caroline Relton

5

0 references

Kaitlin H Wade

object named as

Kaitlin H Wade

3

0 references

author name string

Jack Bowden

4

1 reference

PMCID

4807699

15 August 2017

language of work or name

English

0 references

publication date

9 March 2016

1 reference

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

15 August 2017

1 reference

15 August 2017

103

1 reference

15 August 2017

4

1 reference

15 August 2017

965-978

1 reference

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported

15 August 2017

start time

4 December 2017

1 reference

April 2022 Public Data File from Crossref

copyright status

copyrighted

0 references

cites work

Milk intake is not associated with low risk of diabetes or overweight-obesity: a Mendelian randomization study in 97,811 Danish individuals

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The support of human genetic evidence for approved drug indications

20 June 2018

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Mendelian randomization with invalid instruments: effect estimation and bias detection through Egger regression

20 June 2018

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Using published data in Mendelian randomization: a blueprint for efficient identification of causal risk factors

20 June 2018

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Mendelian randomization studies for a continuous exposure under case-control sampling

20 June 2018

1 reference

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Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology

20 June 2018

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Network Mendelian randomization: using genetic variants as instrumental variables to investigate mediation in causal pathways

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Mendelian randomization: genetic anchors for causal inference in epidemiological studies

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Effect on cardiovascular risk of high density lipoprotein targeted drug treatments niacin, fibrates, and CETP inhibitors: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials including 117,411 patients

20 June 2018

1 reference

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An atlas of genetic influences on human blood metabolites

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Methodological challenges in mendelian randomization

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Sample size and power calculations in Mendelian randomization with a single instrumental variable and a binary outcome

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Mendelian randomization of blood lipids for coronary heart disease

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Mendelian randomization in health research: using appropriate genetic variants and avoiding biased estimates

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Causal inference of gene regulation with subnetwork assembly from genetical genomics data

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Association of plasma uric acid with ischaemic heart disease and blood pressure: mendelian randomisation analysis of two large cohorts

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Efficient design for Mendelian randomization studies: subsample and 2-sample instrumental variable estimators

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Efficacy of vitamin and antioxidant supplements in prevention of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Effect of a monoclonal antibody to PCSK9 on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in statin-intolerant patients: the GAUSS randomized trial.

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Effect of long-term exposure to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol beginning early in life on the risk of coronary heart disease: a Mendelian randomization analysis

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Invited commentary: structural equation models and epidemiologic analysis

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Plasma HDL cholesterol and risk of myocardial infarction: a mendelian randomisation study

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Association between genetic variants on chromosome 15q25 locus and objective measures of tobacco exposure

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Two-step epigenetic Mendelian randomization: a strategy for establishing the causal role of epigenetic processes in pathways to disease.

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

The interleukin-6 receptor as a target for prevention of coronary heart disease: a mendelian randomisation analysis

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Interleukin-6 receptor pathways in coronary heart disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of 82 studies

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Credible Mendelian randomization studies: approaches for evaluating the instrumental variable assumptions

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Mendelian randomization analysis of case-control data using structural mean models

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

The pleiotropic structure of the genotype-phenotype map: the evolvability of complex organisms.

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Association between C reactive protein and coronary heart disease: mendelian randomisation analysis based on individual participant data

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

CAUSAL GRAPHICAL MODELS IN SYSTEMS GENETICS: A UNIFIED FRAMEWORK FOR JOINT INFERENCE OF CAUSAL NETWORK AND GENETIC ARCHITECTURE FOR CORRELATED PHENOTYPES

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

C-reactive protein levels and body mass index: elucidating direction of causation through reciprocal Mendelian randomization

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Triglyceride-mediated pathways and coronary disease: collaborative analysis of 101 studies

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Apolipoprotein(a) isoforms and the risk of vascular disease: systematic review of 40 studies involving 58,000 participants

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Sequence variants at CHRNB3-CHRNA6 and CYP2A6 affect smoking behavior

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Genetic variants associated with Lp(a) lipoprotein level and coronary disease.

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Illustrating bias due to conditioning on a collider

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Major lipids, apolipoproteins, and risk of vascular disease

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Lipoprotein(a) concentration and the risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and nonvascular mortality

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Genetically elevated C-reactive protein and ischemic vascular disease

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

The role of oxidized phospholipids in mediating lipoprotein(a) atherogenicity

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Alcohol intake and blood pressure: a systematic review implementing a Mendelian randomization approach

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Clustered environments and randomized genes: a fundamental distinction between conventional and genetic epidemiology

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Mendelian randomization as an instrumental variable approach to causal inference

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Sequence variations in PCSK9, low LDL, and protection against coronary heart disease

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

The Environment and Disease: Association or Causation?

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

‘Mendelian randomization’: can genetic epidemiology contribute to understanding environmental determinants of disease?*

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Data dredging, bias, or confounding

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Large upward bias in estimation of locus-specific effects from genomewide scans

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Vitamin E consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease in men.

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Lipoprotein(a) modulation of endothelial cell surface fibrinolysis and its potential role in atherosclerosis

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

How independent are "independent" effects? Relative risk estimation when correlated exposures are measured imprecisely.

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Does lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) compete with plasminogen in human atherosclerotic lesions and thrombi?

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Lipoprotein(a) and Atherosclerosis

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Remnant cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure as mediators from obesity to ischemic heart disease.

20 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Manifest variable path analysis: potentially serious and misleading consequences due to uncorrected measurement error.

26 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Identifying the odds ratio estimated by a two-stage instrumental variable analysis with a logistic regression model

26 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Misclassification of the mediator matters when estimating indirect effects

26 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Severity of bias of a simple estimator of the causal odds ratio in Mendelian randomization studies.

26 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Quantification of bias in direct effects estimates due to different types of measurement error in the mediator

26 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Bias in causal estimates from Mendelian randomization studies with weak instruments

26 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Genetically elevated lipoprotein(a) and increased risk of myocardial infarction

26 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Re: Estimation of Bias in Nongenetic Observational Studies Using “Mendelian Triangulation” by Bautista et al

26 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Evidence for an Important Role of Alcohol- and Aldehyde-Metabolizing Genes in Cancers of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract

26 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Genetically reduced antioxidative protection and increased ischemic heart disease risk: The Copenhagen City Heart Study.

26 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Antioxidant vitamins and coronary heart disease risk: a pooled analysis of 9 cohorts

26 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=4807699

Characterization of the basis of lipoprotein [a] lysine-binding heterogeneity

26 November 2018

1 reference

12 December 2020

Impact of apolipoprotein(a) isoform size heterogeneity on the lysine binding function of lipoprotein(a) in early onset coronary artery disease

1 reference

12 December 2020

Mendelian randomization: Using genes as instruments for making causal inferences in epidemiology

1 reference

12 December 2020

Consistent Estimation in Mendelian Randomization with Some Invalid Instruments Using a Weighted Median Estimator

1 reference

12 December 2020

Identifiers

DOI

10.3945/AJCN.115.118216

1 reference

15 August 2017

1 reference

15 August 2017

1 reference

PMCID

4807699